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Agency, Criminogenic Risk and Needs, and Recidivism: A Prospective Longitudinal Study Including 14,000 Adult
Patrick Lussier1, Pagnol Landry Kouassi1, Julien Frechette1
1School of Social Work and Criminology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
Summary
Agency, or motivation to change, is crucial for justice-involved individuals to overcome criminogenic risks and needs during community re-entry. Supporting agentic behaviors aids desistance from crime.
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Psychology
- Sociology
Background:
- Justice-involved individuals face significant challenges during community re-entry.
- Criminogenic risks and needs are key factors influencing recidivism.
- Agency, defined as recognizing personal issues and motivation to change, is a critical psychological construct.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of agency in overcoming criminogenic risk and needs.
- To explore the association between agency-related indicators and recidivism in justice-involved individuals.
- To determine if motivation to change moderates the impact of criminogenic factors on desistance.
Main Methods:
- Survival analyses, including Cox proportional hazards models, were employed.
- Data from a large sample of 14,000 adult males sentenced to probation or incarceration were analyzed.
- The study examined the relationship between criminogenic risk/needs, agency indicators, and recidivism rates.
Main Results:
- Criminogenic risks and needs were found to be significant predictors of recidivism.
- Agency-related indicators showed a notable association with reduced recidivism.
- Motivation to change emerged as a potential moderator, influencing the pathway to desistance.
Conclusions:
- While addressing criminogenic factors is vital, fostering agency is essential for successful community re-entry.
- Interventions should support agentic decisions and behaviors to enhance desistance from crime.
- Lack of support for agency can prolong the difficult process of desistance for justice-involved individuals.
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