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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

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Tracking replicating HPV genomes in proliferating keratinocytes.

Jonathan R Shin1, Ivan Avilov2, Mario Schelhaas2

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Mbio
|July 8, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a new method to track human papillomavirus (HPV) genomes in living cells. This technique visualizes HPV18 genome partitioning during cell division, revealing its attachment to host chromosomes for distribution to daughter cells.

Keywords:
DNA replicationHPVhuman papillomaviruskeratinocytelive cellmitosispartitioning

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection involves viral genome replication and partitioning as minichromosomes.
  • Monitoring HPV genome dynamics in living cells is challenging due to genome size and the difficulty of incorporating expression cassettes.
  • Understanding HPV partitioning mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutic targets against persistent infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for detecting and tracking HPV18 genomes in living cells.
  • To visualize the real-time dynamics of HPV18 genome replication and partitioning in proliferating keratinocytes.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of HPV18 genome distribution to daughter cells during cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of the ANCHOR technology cis-element into the HPV18 genome.
  • Expression of ParB-GFP protein from an HPV18-dependent replicon.
  • Utilizing a molecular tool for indirect monitoring of viral presence via fluorescence in live cells.

Main Results:

  • Successful real-time tracking of replicating HPV18-ANCH3 genomes in proliferating keratinocytes.
  • Visualization of HPV18 genome partitioning during cell division.
  • Demonstration that HPV18 genomes attach to host chromosomes for relatively equal distribution to daughter cells.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ANCHOR-based molecular tool enables effective monitoring of HPV genome dynamics in live cells.
  • HPV18 genomes are distributed to daughter cells via attachment to host chromosomes during cell division.
  • This study provides insights into HPV genome maintenance, tethering, and amplification, informing potential therapeutic strategies.