Unlocking the potential of dual surface-phosphorized nickel based catalysts for enhanced hydrogen production via...

Transition metal phosphides, particularly Ni-based phosphide catalysts, are well-known for their improved catalytic performance and stability in hydrolysis reactions. Herein, a dual phosphorization catalyst Ni₂P-NC@PNF was synthesized using a novel surface phosphating strategy. The nanoparticle size of Ni₂P-NC is approximately 4.83 nm. Ni₂P-NC@PNF exhibited superior catalytic performance in ammonia borane hydrolysis, with a hydrogen production rate (r_B) of 2000 mL min^-1 g^-1_Ni, a turnover frequency (TOF) of 46.4 min^-1, and an apparent activation energy of 18.82 kJ mol^-1. The surface-phosphorization process increased the active site density and formed Ni-Ni₂P interfaces, thereby improving catalytic activity. Phosphorus atoms enhanced the interactions between Ni-Ni₂P within the carbon‑nitrogen matrix, further boosting the catalytic performance. The structural stability of Ni₂P-NC@PNF plays a crucial role in promoting efficient electron transfer, as a stable structure provides a well-organized pathway for electron movement, enhancing the catalytic performance. This work establishes a new benchmark for transition metal phosphides and their potential for sustainable energy applications.