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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

354
Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
354
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

147
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
147
Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

28
Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
28
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

37
Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
37
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

41
The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
41
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

25
Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
25

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices
04:09

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: June 13, 2025

353

Large Cervical Varices: A Key Risk Factor for Hemorrhage in Placenta Previa.

Akio Kamiya1, Takahiro Yamada2,3, Aya Yoshida4

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan, kamiyaak@hirakata.kmu.ac.jp.

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
|July 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Large cervical varices detected by MRI are a significant predictor of massive blood loss during cesarean delivery for placenta previa. This finding aids in better preoperative planning for high-risk pregnancies.

Keywords:
Cervical varicesMagnetic resonance imagingMassive intraoperative hemorrhagePlacenta previaPredictor

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Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices
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Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye
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Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye

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Published on: June 13, 2025

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Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices
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Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

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Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye
09:52

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Radiology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Placenta previa poses a significant risk of massive intraoperative blood loss during cesarean delivery.
  • Cervical varices, vascular anomalies in the cervix, are increasingly recognized but their predictive value for hemorrhage in placenta previa remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the volume of cervical varices, measured by MRI, predicts massive intraoperative blood loss in patients with placenta previa.
  • To explore associations between cervical varices volume and placental location, ultrasound findings, and active bleeding.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 98 pregnant individuals with placenta previa undergoing cesarean section.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to quantify cervical varices volume (aVCV).
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression identified predictors of massive blood loss (≥1,500 mL).

Main Results:

  • Cervical varices were detected in 94.9% of cases via MRI.
  • An approximate cervical varices volume (aVCV) cutoff of 36.0 cm³ predicted massive blood loss (AUC: 0.63).
  • Large cervical varices (aVCV >36.0 cm³) were independently associated with massive bleeding (aOR: 9.44) and correlated with posterior placental location and sponge-like ultrasound findings.

Conclusions:

  • Large cervical varices are a significant independent predictor of massive intraoperative blood loss in placenta previa.
  • This association is particularly pronounced in cases of posterior placenta previa without placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).
  • Identifying cervical venous enlargement aids in preoperative risk assessment and preparedness for hemorrhage during delivery.