Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

42.7K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
42.7K
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

1.2K
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
1.2K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

2.8K
The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
2.8K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.4K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.4K
Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

443
Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
443
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

7.7K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
7.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential cytotoxic effect of polybrene on distinct glioblastoma subtypes.

Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Regulation of NAT1 activity in modern humans by a novel phosphorylation site.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Glioblastoma cells utilize evolutionarily adapted cell metabolism to promote their malignant proliferation.

Acta neuropathologica communications·2026
Same author

Morphological abnormalities in the ureter of type XVII collagen-deficient mice.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Histological changes of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue caused by pneumonia in Holstein young cows.

Veterinary and animal science·2026
Same author

Maternal granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alters synaptic maturation and social behaviors in offspring.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index
09:57

How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index

Published on: January 2, 2012

28.1K

Neocortex Folding in Primates up to Human: Evolution and Mechanisms.

Katherine R Long1, Wieland B Huttner2, Takashi Namba3,4,5

  • 1Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.

Developmental Neuroscience
|July 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neocortical folding, essential for fitting more neurons into the skull, is reviewed. This includes its evolutionary principles, mechanisms, and diverse research models like human tissue and computational simulations.

Keywords:
Cortical foldingEvolutionHumanMechanismsPrimate

More Related Videos

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function
07:13

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Targeted Microinjection and Electroporation of Primate Cerebral Organoids for Genetic Modification
11:44

Author Spotlight: Targeted Microinjection and Electroporation of Primate Cerebral Organoids for Genetic Modification

Published on: March 24, 2023

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index
09:57

How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index

Published on: January 2, 2012

28.1K
Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function
07:13

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Targeted Microinjection and Electroporation of Primate Cerebral Organoids for Genetic Modification
11:44

Author Spotlight: Targeted Microinjection and Electroporation of Primate Cerebral Organoids for Genetic Modification

Published on: March 24, 2023

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Neocortical folding is a key feature of mammalian brain development, particularly in humans and non-human primates.
  • This process enables a larger cortical surface area, housing more neurons, within the cranial cavity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental principles and driving factors of cortical folding.
  • To explore the evolution of cortical folding, distinguishing between conserved and evolved types.
  • To discuss various model systems used in studying cortical folding.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cortical folding principles and evolution.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to mechanical asymmetry in fold formation.
  • Examination of conserved and evolved folding patterns, considering neuron production and migration.
  • Assessment of human tissue/cell-based, animal (e.g., ferret), and computational models.

Main Results:

  • Cortical folding is driven by mechanical asymmetry, with distinct conserved and evolved patterns.
  • Neuron production and migration play crucial roles in different folding types.
  • Various models offer insights into folding mechanisms, from human malformations to computational predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cortical folding mechanisms is vital for comprehending brain development and evolution.
  • Cerebral organoids and specific animal models like the ferret show promise for future research.
  • Computational models are valuable for predicting folding patterns and guiding future research directions.