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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Rapid Determination of Antibody-Antigen Affinity by Mass Photometry

Rapid Determination of Antibody-Antigen Affinity by Mass Photometry

Published on: February 8, 2021

Understanding antibody-target antigen interactions and the avidity effect using mathematical modelling.

Luke Heirene¹, Helen Byrne¹, Armin Sepp²

¹Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

|July 8, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mathematical modeling reveals how antibody-antigen interactions influence the potency and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding these dynamics, including the avidity effect, can enhance preclinical development of mAb therapies.

Keywords:

antibodies avidity immunotherapies mathematical model

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Published on: March 5, 2012

Area of Science:

Immunology
Biophysics
Computational Biology

Background:

Immunotherapies leverage the immune system against diseases like cancer.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are key immunotherapies that exert anti-tumour effects.
The success of mAbs depends on their interaction with target antigens, including avidity effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To theoretically analyze the impact of antibody-antigen interactions on mAb avidity, potency, and efficacy.
To develop a mathematical model for investigating these interactions.
To provide insights for optimizing mAb therapy development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of an ordinary differential equation model for bivalent, monospecific IgG antibodies binding to membrane antigens.
Investigation of antibody-antigen binding kinetics and avidity effects.
Global parameter sensitivity analysis to identify key influencing factors.

Main Results:

The ratio of antibody to antigen number significantly impacts mAb potency and efficacy metrics like antigen occupancy.
Antigen occupancy and bound antibody ratios are sensitive to binding rates primarily at high antibody concentrations.
Specific parameter ranges were identified where the avidity effect is predicted to be substantial.

Conclusions:

Mathematical modeling provides crucial insights into antibody-antigen interactions governing mAb performance.
Understanding these interactions can guide preclinical development to enhance mAb potency, efficacy, and avidity.
The study highlights the importance of antibody concentration in modulating these effects.