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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Topologically ordered states are crucial for robust quantum information storage and processing.
  • While qudits (quantum digits) offer advantages for topological orders, experimental realizations have been limited to qubits.
  • Previous experimental efforts focused on qubit-based lattice models for topological states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize and measure a complex topological state using qutrits.
  • To explore novel defects and their manipulation beyond conventional qubit-based topological codes.
  • To demonstrate control over topological qutrits through defect interactions and entanglement transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and measurement of a Z_3 toric code ground state on 24 qutrits in a trapped ion quantum processor.
  • Encoding one qutrit into two qubits for experimental implementation.
  • Manipulation of parafermion defects and their bound states, going beyond standard qubit toric codes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high fidelity per qutrit exceeding 96.5(3)%.
  • Successfully manipulated parafermion defects and their bound states.
  • Demonstrated defect fusion and entanglement transfer between anyons and defects.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully implemented a topological code with qutrits, a significant step beyond qubit-based systems.
  • The manipulation of novel defects and entanglement transfer provides new control mechanisms for topological qutrits.
  • This work expands the possibilities for long-range entangled states with qudit degrees of freedom, relevant for quantum simulation and error correction.