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Related Concept Videos

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Specific Gravity of Aggregate01:19

Specific Gravity of Aggregate

394
Aggregates typically contain pores, which can be either permeable or impermeable. Considering the pores in the aggregates, the specific gravity of aggregates is defined in three different forms, namely, bulk or gross specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and absolute specific gravity.
Bulk or gross specific gravity is calculated by taking the ratio of the mass of aggregates in the saturated surface-dry state to the total volume that includes both the solids and the voids within the...
394
Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate01:22

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

344
Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
344
Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate01:10

Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

212
The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
When aggregates are exposed to rain or sit in stockpiles, they absorb moisture, which must be...
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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

262
Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

416
Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

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Measuring soil aggregate stability with mobile phones, lessons, challenges, and future work.

Mario Fajardo1,2, Vanessa Pino3, Edward Jones3

  • 1Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. mario.fajardo@sydney.edu.au.

Scientific Reports
|July 8, 2025
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Summary

A mobile app for assessing soil aggregate stability using image recognition has been developed and refined. This digital tool enhances soil mapping and offers a viable alternative to traditional lab methods, improving accessibility for researchers and the public.

Keywords:
Image recognitionMobile appsPedometricsPractical scienceSoil physics

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Digital Agriculture
  • Image Analysis

Background:

  • Traditional soil aggregate stability analysis is a time-consuming laboratory procedure.
  • There is a need for accessible and efficient methods for soil assessment.
  • Digital tools can bridge the gap between laboratory methods and broader data applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel mobile phone application for assessing soil aggregate stability using image recognition.
  • To document the adoption, critique, and refinement of this digital tool by diverse user communities.
  • To evaluate the potential of this digital tool as an alternative standard method in soil science.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mobile application utilizing image recognition for soil aggregate stability assessment.
  • Global adoption and user feedback collection from scientific and non-scientific communities.
  • Comparative analysis of app-generated data with traditional laboratory methods.
  • Iterative improvement of the application based on user input and identified limitations.

Main Results:

  • The digital tool facilitated the integration of soil aggregate stability analysis into data-rich frameworks like digital soil mapping.
  • Accuracy and replicability were validated, suggesting its potential as an alternative standard method in large-scale studies (e.g., France).
  • User feedback highlighted limitations, leading to an improved, more user-friendly version (SLAKES: SOIL HEALTH) by the Soil Health Institute (SHI).

Conclusions:

  • The mobile application represents a successful co-creation process between the scientific community and public/private institutions.
  • Digital tools can significantly enhance the accessibility and application of soil science methodologies.
  • Continuous user engagement and iterative development are crucial for the successful implementation of scientific technologies in wider communities.