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Migraine and cochlear disease: A 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomized study.

Cheng Zhong1, Li-Hua Wang2, Ying Dong3

  • 1Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

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|July 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found a causal link between migraine and increased risk of cochlear diseases like tinnitus and vertigo. Migraine treatments were also linked to hearing loss, suggesting migraine may worsen cochlear conditions.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationbidirectionalcausalitycochlear diseasemigraine

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Migraine is a common neurological disorder.
  • Cochlear diseases, including tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing loss, significantly impact quality of life.
  • The relationship between migraine and cochlear disease requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between migraine and cochlear disease using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
  • To explore if migraine increases the risk of developing cochlear conditions.
  • To examine the association between migraine medication use and cochlear disease outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
  • Selected instrumental variables based on stringent criteria including genome-wide significance and independence.
  • Employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method with sensitivity analyses (Weighted Median, MR-Egger) to ensure robustness and assess pleiotropy.

Main Results:

  • MR analyses indicated a causal relationship between migraine and an increased risk of cochlear disease.
  • Migraine was associated with higher odds of tinnitus (OR=1.516) and vertigo (OR=1.631).
  • Antimigraine medication use was linked to increased odds of sudden idiopathic hearing loss (OR=1.187) and other hearing loss (OR=1.085).

Conclusions:

  • Established a causal link between migraine and cochlear disease, suggesting migraine may exacerbate these conditions.
  • Findings support the evidence base for the connection between migraines and cochlear disease.
  • Results provide a theoretical foundation for future research into migraine treatments for cochlear disease.