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Dynamic Fluorine Compensation Strategy Purifies Na3V2(PO4)2F3 Phase Toward High-Energy and Stable Sodium Storage.

Peifeng Wang1,2, Xiao Ma1,2, Pu Yang1,2

  • 1Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Summary

This study developed a dynamic fluorine compensation strategy for sodium-vanadium phosphate fluoride (NVPF) cathodes, enhancing sodium-ion battery performance. Optimized NVPF materials demonstrate superior capacity and stability for practical battery applications.

Keywords:
NVPFdynamic fluorine compensationhigh‐energysodium‐ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium-vanadium phosphate fluoride (NVPF) is a high-voltage cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.
  • Challenges include fluorine loss, limited Na+ extraction, and poor stability during deep (de)intercalation.
  • Addressing these issues is crucial for advancing sodium-ion battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fluorine loss mechanism during NVPF synthesis using in situ techniques.
  • To develop a dynamic fluorine compensation strategy to improve NVPF cathode performance.
  • To enhance the specific capacity and cycling stability of NVPF for practical sodium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • In situ thermogravimetry-infrared-mass spectrometry to analyze fluorine loss mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of NVPF with NH4F as a dual-functional additive (fluorine source and pH buffer).
  • Electrochemical testing over an expanded voltage window (1.0-4.4 V) to assess performance.

Main Results:

  • The NH4F additive effectively suppressed impurity phases and compensated for fluorine loss.
  • Optimized NVPF-12.5NHF achieved an ultrahigh specific capacity of 173.6 mAh g-1 at 0.3C.
  • Exceptional cycling stability was observed, with >70% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 13C.

Conclusions:

  • A scalable strategy for designing electrode materials with volatile components was established.
  • The dynamic fluorine compensation approach significantly enhances NVPF cathode performance.
  • This work accelerates the practical deployment of high-performance sodium-ion batteries.