Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Therapeutic Target in Atherosclerosis

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Research
• Cell Biology
• Molecular Medicine

Background:

• Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are integral to atherosclerotic plaque development.
• VSMC functions, including foam cell formation, phenotypic switching, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy, critically influence atherosclerosis (AS).

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review recent research on genetic proteins and mechanisms influencing VSMC functions in AS.
• To examine the implications of VSMCs for AS progression and discuss regulatory factors.
• To identify new therapeutic targets and strategies for anti-atherosclerotic regimens.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on VSMC functions in atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of genetic proteins and mechanisms impacting VSMC behavior.
• Discussion of regulators that influence AS progression.

Main Results:

• VSMC-derived foam cells, phenotypic switching, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy play diverse roles in AS.
• VSMC proliferation and migration can stabilize plaques, while apoptosis can accelerate rupture.
• Autophagy has dual roles, protective in early AS and detrimental in late stages.

Conclusions:

• VSMCs are vital in AS, with their various functions influencing plaque development and stability.
• Understanding VSMC roles provides insights into novel therapeutic targets for AS.
• This review summarizes current knowledge and highlights future directions for anti-atherosclerotic treatments.