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Case Report: The great mimicker: cerebral syphilitic gumma
Jiahui Liu1, Kun Sun1, Yanxia Deng1
1Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
Frontiers in Medicine
|July 9, 2025
Summary
Cerebral syphilitic gumma, a rare neurosyphilis form, mimics brain tumors, complicating diagnosis. This case underscores the need to consider neurosyphilis in intracranial lesion differentials when imaging is unclear.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neurosurgery
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Cerebral syphilitic gumma is a rare manifestation of neurosyphilis.
- It presents diagnostic challenges due to imaging overlap with malignant brain tumors like gliomas and metastases.
Observation:
- A patient presented with symptoms suggestive of a brain malignancy.
- Initial imaging and clinical presentation were inconclusive, leading to a misdiagnosis.
- The patient underwent surgery at Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Huaian First Hospital.
Findings:
- Intraoperative findings and subsequent histopathological examination confirmed cerebral syphilitic gumma.
- The lesion was initially misidentified as a brain malignancy.
Implications:
- This case emphasizes the critical importance of including neurosyphilis in the differential diagnosis of intracranial lesions.
- Early and accurate diagnosis of neurosyphilis is crucial for appropriate treatment and patient outcomes.
- Highlights the limitations of conventional imaging in differentiating gummas from tumors.
Keywords:
case reportcerebral syphiliscerebral syphilitic gummainfectious diseaseneurosurgeryneurosyphilis
