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Ultra-Processed Food Intake is Associated with Altered Glucose Homeostasis in Young Adults
Yiping Li1, Elizabeth Costello1, Sarah Rock1
1University of Southern California.
Research Square
|July 9, 2025
Summary
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption significantly increases prediabetes and impaired glucose tolerance risk in young adults. Limiting UPFs may be crucial for preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in this demographic.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Metabolic Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) constitute over half of dietary intake in the US, often rich in sodium, sugar, and unhealthy fats.
- High UPF consumption is linked to glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance, increasing risks for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between UPF consumption and prediabetes and related biomarkers in a youth cohort.
- To evaluate how UPF intake influences glucose homeostasis markers in young adults.
Main Methods:
- Eighty-five young adults (17-22 years) from the Meta-AIR study underwent two dietary recalls and oral glucose tolerance tests.
- Food items were classified as UPF or non-UPF using NOVA guidelines; regression models assessed UPF consumption's impact on glucose homeostasis markers.
Main Results:
- A 10% increase in UPF consumption correlated with a 64% higher risk of prediabetes and 56% higher risk of impaired glucose tolerance.
- Higher baseline UPF intake was significantly associated with elevated fasting insulin, 2-hour insulin, and insulin area under the curve.
Conclusions:
- UPF consumption in young adults may elevate the risk of developing T2D.
- Reducing UPF intake is a potential key strategy for T2D prevention in youth and young adults.
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