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Accelerated grey matter atrophy in the frontal lobes and thalamus is observed in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This atrophy correlates with disease progression, suggesting potential biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Grey matter (GM) atrophy is a key indicator of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Longitudinal data comparing MS patients and healthy controls (HC) for GM atrophy are limited.
  • Identifying specific brain regions affected by atrophy and their clinical significance requires validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally map grey matter atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.
  • To compare atrophy patterns between RRMS patients and healthy controls (HC).
  • To investigate the relationship between regional atrophy and clinical disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-cohort longitudinal observational study involving 386 RRMS patients and 2,163 HC.
  • Analysis of T1-weighted MRI scans over up to 12 years.
  • Correlation of volumetric changes with clinical outcomes (EDSS, PASAT, FSS).

Main Results:

  • Significant and replicable GM atrophy patterns were identified in the frontal lobes (superior frontal cortex, pars orbitalis) and thalami of RRMS patients.
  • Atrophy in specific frontal regions and the caudate was more pronounced in MS patients compared to significantly older HC.
  • Associations between regional volume changes and clinical outcomes were limited, with whole-brain volume changes showing better correlation.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerated GM atrophy in the superior frontal lobe and thalamus is characteristic of RRMS and linked to disability progression.
  • Thalamic and superior frontal cortex atrophy show potential as MS biomarkers.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these regions as reliable MS biomarkers.