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Sleeping quality, sleeping habits, and their association with BMI in children in southern China

Chuican Huang1, Yue Lei2, Weijia Wu1

  • 1Clinical Nutrition Department, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|July 9, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Short sleep duration and late bedtimes increase childhood obesity risk. Recommended sleep patterns (9-11 hours, bedtime before 9 PM) protect against obesity. Poor sleep quality surprisingly showed a lower risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern.
  • Sleep patterns are increasingly recognized as a potential factor influencing children's weight status.
  • Understanding the interplay between sleep duration, bedtime, and sleep quality is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of sleep quality, duration, and bedtime on Body Mass Index (BMI) in children aged 3-12 years.
  • To explore the role of these sleep parameters in the development and occurrence of childhood obesity.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 cities and counties of Hainan Province.
  • The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and a parent-report survey were utilized.
  • Data were collected to assess children's sleep quality, habits, and other relevant factors.

Main Results:

  • Later bedtime was positively correlated with childhood overweight and obesity.
  • Sleep duration between 9-11 hours or above 11 hours, combined with poor sleep quality or an earlier bedtime (before 21:00), acted as protective factors.
  • Children sleeping less than 9 hours had an increased risk of adverse outcomes, irrespective of bedtime.

Conclusions:

  • Short sleep duration (<9 hours) and late bedtime (>22:00) significantly increase obesity risk in children.
  • Adhering to recommended sleep patterns (9-11 hours, bedtime before 21:00) provides protection against childhood obesity.
  • Poor sleep quality was paradoxically associated with a lower risk of obesity in this cohort.
Abstract

Keywords:
BMICSHQbedtimechildrensleep durationsleep quality (SQ)

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