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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

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Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
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Phases of Wound Repair01:28

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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Epidermal Stem Cells Control Periderm Injury Repair via Matrix-Driven Specialization of Intercellular Junctions.

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    Stem cells interact with the extracellular matrix to control skin cell adhesion. This interaction influences skin healing by regulating cell junctions in stratified epithelia.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) to maintain skin structure and regulate differentiation.
    • The periderm, superficial epidermal cells (SECs) in embryonic skin, plays a crucial role in skin development and repair.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the novel role of basal epidermal stem cells (BECs)-ECM interactions in regulating adhesion molecules in SECs.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms by which ECM components influence cell-cell junction formation and skin healing.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the developing zebrafish fin fold model to study BECs-ECM interactions.
    • Employed a bilayered human keratinocyte model to validate findings.
    • Investigated integrin-mediated adhesions, desmosomes, adherens junctions (AJs), and actomyosin expression.
    • Assessed the impact of laminin and collagen on junction formation and skin wound healing.

    Main Results:

    • BECs form distinct collagen- and laminin-enriched basement membrane regions via integrin-mediated adhesions.
    • Collagen-associated BECs promote desmosome and AJ formation with SECs; laminin-associated BECs reduce desmosomes but maintain AJs and actomyosin.
    • Laminin, unlike collagen, represses desmosome formation while sustaining AJs at interlayer contacts in both zebrafish and human models.
    • Laminin deficiency in vivo increases desmosome expression and impairs SEC wound healing, partially rescued by reducing Desmoplakin-1a.

    Conclusions:

    • Stem cell-ECM interactions establish specialized junctions in stratified epithelia, influencing skin healing.
    • ECM composition dictates junctional specialization, impacting SEC injury response and repair mechanisms.
    • Findings highlight the importance of ECM-mediated signaling in skin homeostasis and regenerative processes.