Sustainable Biomass-Derived Single-Atom Catalysts for Fenton-Like Catalysis

Single-atom catalysis has generated significant interest in catalysis, particularly for environmental remediation. Pursuing desired single atom catalysts (SACs) for practical application hinges on the simplicity of synthesis methods, the choice of precursor materials, cost-effectiveness, and catalytic performance. Consequently, natural resources like biomass have been harnessed to prepare SACs, driving continuous efforts to establish controlled and scalable synthesis techniques. This comprehensive review encompasses a broad exploration of diverse synthesis methods employed for crafting SACs derived from biomass, intended for environmental catalysis by Fenton-like reactions, employing peroxymonosulphate (PMS), peroxydisulphate (PDS), or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as the oxidants. It highlights how these innovations can stimulate advancements in catalyst design, shaping the landscape of sustainable and efficient micropollutant remediation. In addition, the review summarizes the links between single-atom sites on biomass-derived SACs and catalytic mechanisms, imparting insights into the origins of catalytic activity. Finally, this review proposes the prevailing challenges and prospects in this field. It is anticipated that this review would inform the development of biomass-derived SACs and their application in environmental remediation by guiding the selection of synthesis methods and addressing the key areas for improvement highlighted in future research.