Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
Construct Validity and Reliability of the South Oaks Gambling Screen Among the Indonesian Population
Kristiana Siste1, Yenny Siti Yanti Sinambela1, Enjeline Hanafi1
1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Central Jakarta, Indonesia.
Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the South Oaks Gambling Screening (SOGS), the most widely used tool for screening gambling disorder (GD).
Methods:
A national cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2021 among an Indonesian community sample. A total of 5810 respondents participated (mean age=21.74±5.68 years; 76.8% were women). The methodology included forward translation, expert panel discussions, back translation, face validity testing, a pilot study, and an assessment of the SOGS's psychometric properties. Factor structure was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.
Results:
Factor analysis revealed that the Indonesian version of the SOGS consisted of four domains and demonstrated satisfactory goodness of fit (χ2=1270.72; df=166; p<0.001; RMSEA=0.048; CFI=0.99; TLI=0.99; SRMR=0.031). The SOGS also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.879). Findings indicated that 2.05% of the sample met the criteria for gambling addiction. A significant association was observed between GD and age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001), educational level (p<0.05), employment status (p<0.001), and types of gambling (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
The Indonesian version of SOGS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing GD in the Indonesian population.
Related Concept Videos
Reliability and Validity
Bias
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
Introduction to Test of Independence
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
Surveys
Self-Report Tests of Personality

