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Evaluating Forces Acting on Pendant Drops Suspended from Small Pillars
M Arogeti1, A Vinod2, M Tadmor1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva 8410802, Israel.
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 9, 2025
Summary
This study reveals liquid drop splitting on pillars, not detachment. Increased contact area and reduced volume enhance drop retention, challenging conventional detachment theories.
Area of Science:
- Fluid dynamics
- Surface science
- Materials science
Background:
- Understanding liquid drop behavior on solid surfaces is crucial in various industrial applications.
- Pillar geometry and liquid properties significantly influence drop-surface interactions.
- Existing models often focus on detachment, neglecting splitting phenomena.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mechanisms of liquid drop retention and splitting on pillars.
- To quantify the influence of contact area and drop volume on adhesion forces.
- To explore how different pillar geometries affect drop stability.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a centrifugal adhesion balance to apply controlled normal forces to pendant drops on pillars.
- Employed round, square, and triangular pillars with varying hydraulic diameters (1.5-3.0 mm).
- Analyzed drop behavior, focusing on adhesion, accumulation, and splitting events.
Main Results:
- Observed liquid-liquid splitting rather than liquid-solid detachment, even with partial contact.
- Demonstrated that increased solid-liquid contact area significantly enhances the force required for drop splitting.
- Found an inverse relationship between drop volume and the normal force needed for splitting, attributed to surface energy.
- Developed a unified curve correlating pillar geometry, drop volume, and detachment acceleration, extending Tate's law.
Conclusions:
- Solid-liquid contact area is a critical factor governing drop pull-off force.
- The study introduces a liquid-liquid splitting mechanism that differs from simple detachment.
- Findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of drop behavior on pillar structures, applicable to microfluidics and surface engineering.
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