Air-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenges, Progress, and Industrial Strategies

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attract extensive attention due to their excellent photoelectric performance, simple fabrication process, and low cost. However, large-scale manufacturing of PSCs requires processing under air atmosphere. Currently, PSCs with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) are all prepared in inert atmospheres, which significantly increases production costs and makes large-scale production difficult. In recent years, rapid progress is made in the research on preparing highly efficient and stable PSCs in air, paving the way for the industrialization and commercialization of PSCs. At the same time, how to combine these research works with manufacturing processes is also a focus of attention. This article reviews the recent development of PSCs prepared in air atmosphere. Specifically, after summarizing the influence of the surrounding environment on perovskite films, it discusses the strategies for preparing PSCs in air and the development of industrial manufacturing processes, and finally, summarizes the most suitable strategies in various processes and gives future prospects.