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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Published on: November 18, 2022

A Water-Triggered Sensor for Self-Powered Flood Alarming.

Mingqi Zhao¹, Shanzhi Lyu^1,2, Yingchao Ma¹

¹School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|July 9, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a low-cost, paper-based water-triggered sensor for natural disaster early warning systems. The self-powered device activates in water, providing timely flood detection and alerts without external power.

Keywords:

flood alarming system hydrogel self‐powered sensor

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Monitoring
Sensor Technology

Background:

Natural disasters necessitate effective early warning systems.
Existing systems are often costly and impractical for remote or low-lying areas.
Need for sustainable, low-power sensing solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel water-triggered sensor for early warning systems.
To create a self-powered sensor with zero energy consumption in dry conditions.
To utilize sustainable materials and fabrication methods.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a switchable galvanic battery using metallic electrodes and an ion-loaded xerogel.
Sealing the battery with a moisture-inert, water-permeable polymer coat.
Integration of the sensor onto a paper base compatible with Miura origami.

Main Results:

The water-triggered sensor demonstrates self-powering capability upon hydration.
The device exhibits stability against ambient humidity variations.
Paper-based, origami-integrated sensors show enhanced power output and reduced size.
Outdoor experiments successfully validated flood discrimination and alert generation.

Conclusions:

The proposed water-triggered sensor offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for early warning systems.
The self-powered, paper-based design is suitable for deployment in challenging environments.
This technology has the potential to significantly improve disaster preparedness and response.