Is NAD+ a key factor in ovarian aging and dysfunction? Insights and uncertainties from current research†

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Reproductive Biology
• Cellular Metabolism

Background:

• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is crucial for cellular functions like energy metabolism and aging.
• Dietary NAD+ precursors are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in female infertility.
• Ovarian aging and dysfunction, including PCOS and POI, are linked to altered NAD+ levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on NAD+ metabolism in the ovary.
• To explore the role of NAD+ in ovarian aging and reproductive disorders.
• To identify knowledge gaps and suggest research directions for NAD+ boosting therapies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of in vivo and in vitro studies.
• Analysis of research on genetic factors and transgenic models.
• Examination of NAD+ metabolism in ovarian aging, PCOS, and POI.

Main Results:

• NAD+ deficiency in the ovary results from increased consumption, reduced efficiency, and impaired synthesis/transport.
• The ovary has a unique NAD+ metabolism, but its mechanisms are not fully understood.
• Key questions persist regarding NAD+ transport into oocytes and precursor preferences.

Conclusions:

• NAD+ metabolism is critical for ovarian function and aging.
• Further research into ovarian NAD+ metabolism is essential for developing effective NAD+ boosting therapies.
• Investigating NAD+ metabolism can help counteract ovarian aging and dysfunction.