Long-Term Outcome of Moyamoya Disease

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is considered to run a progressive course, but little is known about its long-term outcomes. We conducted a structured phone interview to assess outcomes in a mixed cohort of conservatively and surgically treated patients a median of 9 years and up to 27 years after a diagnosis of MMD. We found that 60% of patients had a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score <3), with only 16% of adult patients working full time. We conclude that MMD considerably impacts daily life in a substantial number of those affected, with only a minority able to provide for themselves.