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Categorizing music by genres.

Elke B Lange1, Emily Gernandt1,2, Julia Merrill1,2

  • 1Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany.

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|July 9, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Musical genre categories significantly influence listener preferences. This study reveals that while subgenres often align with broader genres, specific groupings based on historical or cultural factors impact liking evaluations, confirming genre

Keywords:
categorizationgenre theoryheuristicsliking ratingsmusical taste

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Area of Science:

  • Music psychology
  • Aesthetics
  • Computational social science

Background:

  • Musical taste research faces challenges due to the dynamic nature of genre categories and varying category widths (broad vs. narrow).
  • Previous criticism highlights the inadequacy of broad genre labels in accurately reflecting listener preferences.
  • The impact of genre category width on music liking evaluations remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively investigate how category width (broad genres vs. narrow subgenres) affects music liking evaluations.
  • To compare listener evaluations of established musical genres with embedded and nonexistent subgenres.
  • To determine the utility of musical genre categories in taste studies.

Main Methods:

  • A quantitative approach was employed, comparing liking evaluations for 15 musical genres, 100 embedded subgenres, and 2 nonexistent subgenres.
  • A large sample size (N = 804) was utilized for robust analysis.
  • Statistical analyses included correlations, regressions, random forest modeling, and factor analyses.

Main Results:

  • Evaluations of most nested subgenres were highly similar to their parent genres, suggesting category consistency.
  • Nonexistent subgenres demonstrated evaluation heuristics that enhanced consistency in listener judgments.
  • Subgenre liking was influenced by historical (traditional-modern), cultural (German subcultures), or functional (danceability) groupings, indicating nuanced preference structures.
  • The broad genre labels 'pop' and 'rock' were found to be less appropriate for taste assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Despite criticisms, the concept of musical genre remains useful for taste studies.
  • A refined list of 24 genres is proposed for sufficient musical taste assessment in general applications.
  • Listener evaluations of music are influenced by both broad genre categories and specific subgenre characteristics, including historical, cultural, and functional attributes.