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Exercise as a geroprotector: focusing on epigenetic aging.

Takuji Kawamura1, Mitsuru Higuchi2, Zsolt Radak2,3,4,5

  • 1Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.

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Summary

Regular physical activity and exercise may reverse epigenetic aging, potentially extending healthspan. Studies show exercise training can rejuvenate epigenomes, especially in blood and muscle, but responses vary individually and by organ.

Keywords:
epigenetic clockexercisegeroprotectorphysical activityphysical fitness

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Emerging evidence links physical activity, exercise, and fitness to delayed or reversed epigenetic aging.
  • Epigenetic aging, assessed via DNA methylation clocks, is a key biomarker for healthspan.
  • Understanding exercise's impact on epigenetic aging is crucial for developing interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between physical activity, exercise, fitness, and epigenetic aging.
  • To synthesize findings from human and animal studies on exercise and DNA methylation clocks.
  • To highlight the potential of exercise as a geroprotective intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational and interventional studies in humans and animals.
  • Analysis of data on physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and structured exercise training.
  • Examination of DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks and epigenomic rejuvenation.

Main Results:

  • Observational studies show inverse relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and epigenetic age acceleration.
  • Interventional studies suggest structured exercise training can lead to epigenomic rejuvenation.
  • Rejuvenation effects are most noted in blood and skeletal muscle tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise may be a potent strategy for promoting healthspan through epigenetic modifications.
  • Significant interindividual and organ-specific variability exists in exercise-induced epigenetic responses.
  • Further research is needed to understand mechanisms and optimize exercise for geroprotection.