Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

359
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
359
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

1.7K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
1.7K
Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism01:29

Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism

3.4K
James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the major contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. Although he died young, he made major contributions to the development of the kinetic theory of gases, to the understanding of color vision, and to understanding the nature of Saturn's rings. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge on the laws of electricity and magnetism with his insights into a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, which is...
3.4K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

726
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
726
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.5K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.2K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficient method for calculation of low-temperature phase boundaries.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

The origin of the Stokes-Einstein relation in simple dense liquids.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Are There Differences in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Scores After Total Knee and Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Matched Patients?

The Journal of arthroplasty·2025
Same author

Outpatient Versus Inpatient Total Joint Arthroplasty: Do Medically and Socially Complex Patients Require More Resources but Achieve Similar Outcomes?

Arthroplasty today·2025
Same author

Surgeon Experience May Predict Failure After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Fracture.

The Journal of arthroplasty·2025
Same author

Low Complication Rates in Olecranon Fracture Fixation With Dual Plating.

Orthopedics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films
12:22

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Published on: November 9, 2015

11.5K

First principles free energy model with dynamic magnetism forδ-plutonium.

Per Söderlind1, Alexander Landa1, Lorin Benedict1

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|July 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new free energy model for delta-plutonium using advanced computational methods. The model accurately predicts thermodynamic properties and explains anomalous thermal expansion behavior due to dynamic magnetism.

Keywords:
dynamicenergymagnetismmodelsplutonium

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.1K
Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas
08:10

Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas

Published on: May 25, 2021

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films
12:22

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Published on: November 9, 2015

11.5K
Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.1K
Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas
08:10

Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas

Published on: May 25, 2021

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate thermodynamic modeling of plutonium is crucial for understanding its properties.
  • Previous models often simplified or omitted dynamic magnetic effects.
  • Delta-plutonium exhibits complex behavior, including anomalous thermal expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an *ab initio* free energy model for delta-plutonium.
  • To incorporate dynamic magnetism and orbital polarization effects.
  • To explain anomalous thermal expansion and predict thermodynamic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Fully relativistic density functional theory (DFT) with orbital polarization (OP).
  • Anharmonic lattice dynamics for vibrational contributions.
  • A fluctuation model for magnetic dynamics (transverse and longitudinal modes).

Main Results:

  • The model successfully predicts excellent thermodynamic properties and Gibbs free energy.
  • It aligns well with CALPHAD and semi-empirical modeling.
  • Magnetic fluctuations explain the negative thermal expansion in delta-plutonium.

Conclusions:

  • The *ab initio* model with dynamic magnetism provides a robust framework for plutonium thermodynamics.
  • It accurately captures anomalous thermal expansion, including the effect of alloying elements like gallium.
  • The model successfully predicts the positive thermal expansion of the high-temperature epsilon phase.