Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Combustion Characterization and Model Fuel Development for Micro-tubular Flame-assisted Fuel Cells
Published on: October 2, 2016
Enhancing CI engine performance and emissions through PCCI and sustainable combustion solutions with waste cooking
Medhat Elkelawy1,2, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi3, E A El Shenawy3
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt. medhatelkelawy@f-eng.tanta.edu.eg.
Abstract:
The limited availability of petroleum fuels and pollution concerns has led to the search for alternative energy sources. The most advantages of utilizing biodiesel are the simultaneous decrease of HC as well as CO emissions. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, such as extreme NOx and smoke opacity emissions. To mitigate these issues, strategies like premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) mode have been developed, which can lower NOx and smoke opacity levels. The novelty of the present study was establish to investigates the effects of various blends of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel (B15D85, B30D70, B45D55, and B60D40) on combustion characteristics, emissions, and efficiency in conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and PCCI modes. In PCCI mode, a 20% premix ratio (PR) of diesel is vaporized outside the engine manifold, while the remaining fuel is burned conventionally before reaching TDC. Results reveal that in CDC mode, increasing the proportion of biodiesel in the blends led to decreased brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), HC, and CO, while brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), NOx, and smoke opacity increased. In contrast, PCCI mode demonstrated enhanced BTE alongside reductions in NOx and smoke opacity emissions due to the manifold enhancing the homogeneity of the mixture and decreasing combustion temperature. The B60D40 blend in PCCI mode achieved the lowest average NOx at 325 ppm and the minimum EGT at full load at 192 °C, along with reduced HC and CO emissions. While, B15D85 produced the lowest NOx and smoke opacity values, achieving the highest BTE of 34.6% and NOx emissions at 288 ppm in PCCI mode. Finally, using B60D40 PCCI showed BTE almost equal to diesel in CDC with extremely lower NOx and smoke emissions diesel.
Related Concept Videos
Internal Combustion Engine
Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....
Otto and Diesel Cycle
Bioremediation
Heat Engines
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...

