Genomically-selected antifungal Bacillaceae strains improve wheat yield and baking quality.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Agricultural Science
• Genomics

Background:

• Agricultural intensification degrades soil microbial diversity, necessitating sustainable solutions.
• Rhizosphere microorganisms, particularly Bacillaceae, offer potential for eco-friendly agricultural applications.
• Characterizing these microbes is crucial for developing effective biofertilizers and biocontrol agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize wheat rhizosphere-associated Bacillaceae using genomic and phenotypic methods for agricultural use.
• To identify specific strains with plant growth-promoting and biocontrol functionalities.
• To evaluate the efficacy of selected strains in enhancing wheat yield and quality.

Main Methods:

• Screening of 576 sporulating isolates for antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum.
• Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing for genetic profiling and taxonomic classification.
• Whole-genome sequencing, in silico trait prediction, and phenotypic validation through bioassays, pot experiments, and field trials.

Main Results:

• 39 distinct genetic profiles were identified, with 15 classified into Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Priestia megaterium groups.
• Genomic analysis revealed strain-specific beneficial traits, including antimicrobial compound production and plant growth promotion.
• Bacillus velezensis ZAV-W70 and Priestia megaterium ZAV-W64 were identified as potent biofertilizer and biocontrol candidates, increasing wheat yield and improving bread-making quality.

Conclusions:

• Combining genomic and phenotypic approaches is effective for discovering and validating agricultural biologicals.
• Bacillus velezensis ZAV-W70 and Priestia megaterium ZAV-W64 show significant potential for sustainable wheat production.
• These findings contribute to developing eco-friendly practices that enhance crop yield and quality.