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Intercalation/Deintercalation Dynamics in Ionic Liquid-Based Graphene Thermal Emissivity Modulators.

Mehedi Hasan Himel¹, Zhi Cai², Ehsan Shamsi³

¹Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.

|July 10, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic liquid intercalation in multilayer graphene devices alters thermal emissivity. Higher temperatures enhance intercalation, increasing thermal emissivity by up to 25.5 °C, crucial for tunable electronic materials.

Keywords:

electrolyte gating graphene optoelectronics ion intercalation multilayer graphene variable emissivity

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Ionic liquids can intercalate into multilayer graphene (MLG).
This intercalation modulates MLG's thermal emissivity and dielectric properties.
Electrochemical control offers a pathway to tune these properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the temperature-dependent behavior of electrochemically driven ionic liquid intercalation in MLG devices.
To quantify the impact of temperature on intercalation extent and resulting thermal emissivity changes.
To explore the operational temperature limits and influencing factors of such devices.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of MLG devices with ionic liquid ([DEME+][TFSI-]) and copper electrodes.
Electrochemical intercalation using voltages of 3.5-4 V.
Raman spectroscopy to monitor intercalation from 10-100 °C.
Thermal imaging to measure temperature changes (7.5-14 μm wavelength).

Main Results:

Intercalation of [TFSI-] anions into MLG improves with increasing temperature (10-100 °C).
Apparent temperature change due to intercalation increases with temperature, reaching a maximum of 25.5 °C.
Intercalation causes a two-order-magnitude shift in free carrier concentration, altering complex dielectric function.
Higher temperatures enhance intercalation but do not significantly affect cutoff frequencies.

Conclusions:

Temperature significantly influences the electrochemical intercalation of ionic liquids in MLG devices.
The observed changes in thermal emissivity are directly linked to carrier density modulation.
Device performance, including intercalation degree and effective temperature range, is dependent on ambient temperature due to ion mobility and diffusion kinetics.