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Current Clinical Applications of Structural MRI in Neurological Disorders.

Woo-Suk Tae1, Byung-Joo Ham1,2, Sung-Bom Pyun1,3

  • 1Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

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Summary

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) analysis detects subtle brain changes for neurological disorders. Quantitative techniques improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Keywords:
brain mappingimage processing, computer-assistedlesionsmagnetic resonance imagingneurodegenerative diseasessymptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) provides high-resolution anatomical data crucial for neurological disorder evaluation.
  • Quantitative postprocessing techniques enhance sMRI utility beyond visual inspection, detecting subtle morphological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical applications of advanced sMRI-based analytical techniques.
  • To highlight the role of these methods in diagnosing and managing neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizes brain volumetry, shape analysis, voxel-based morphometry (VBM), surface-based morphometry, source-based morphometry, and voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM).
  • Discusses the quantification of structural brain alterations not visible with conventional methods.

Main Results:

  • These sMRI techniques are clinically relevant for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and major depressive disorder.
  • Methods enable assessment of atrophy, cortical surface architecture, network-level covariance, and lesion-symptom correlations.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced sMRI postprocessing improves diagnostic accuracy, prognostication, and treatment monitoring in neurological disorders.
  • These quantitative tools are increasingly integrated into clinical neurology practice.