Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

1.9K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.9K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.5K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.5K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.2K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.2K
Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.1K
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
2.1K
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.0K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.0K
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

202
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
202

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual-Antisite Defects and Domain Structures Synergistically Boosting a Record-High ZT > 2.0 in Chalcopyrite Cu<sub>0.7</sub>Ag<sub>0.3</sub>Ga<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Te<sub>2</sub>(<i>x</i> = 0-0.5).

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Enriching Local Reaction Fields via Ordered Multidimensional Interfaces for High-Yield Urea Electrosynthesis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction promotes mitochondrial fission in colon cancer cells by inhibiting the CHD6-TMEM65 axis.

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2026
Same author

Macrophages in post-chemoradiotherapy hematopoietic injury: a double-edged sword.

Cell communication and signaling : CCS·2026
Same author

A multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical trial and preliminary experimental study exploring the efficacy of modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2026
Same author

Correction: Unveiling the protein landscape for early detection of colorectal precancerous lesions.

Clinical proteomics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.5K

Plasmon-Ferroelectric Induced Multifield Coupling Effect Accelerates Charge Spatial Separation for Boosting Tandem

Jingjing Yang1, Ziang Chen2, Zongying Wang3

  • 1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel plasmonic-ferroelectric heterojunction (WO3-x/K4Nb6O17) for enhanced solar-driven CO2 reduction and organic oxidation. The material significantly boosts CO yield and promotes the production of value-added hydrobenzoin.

Keywords:
Benzylicalcohol C─C couplingBulk charge separationCO2 reductionFerroelectric polarizationLSPR effect

More Related Videos

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

9.4K
Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity
11:30

Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity

Published on: March 6, 2017

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.5K
[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

9.4K
Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity
11:30

Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity

Published on: March 6, 2017

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photocatalysis
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Solar-driven CO2 reduction coupled with organic oxidation is key for carbon neutrality.
  • Low photogenerated carrier yields and fast recombination limit current photocatalytic efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a plasmonic-ferroelectric heterojunction (WO3-x/K4Nb6O17) for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency.
  • To improve charge separation and directional transfer for CO2 reduction and organic oxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a WO3-x/K4Nb6O17 plasmonic-ferroelectric heterojunction.
  • Utilizing cooperative coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and ferroelectric polarization.
  • Investigating hot-carrier generation, charge separation, and directional transfer.

Main Results:

  • The WO3-x/K4Nb6O17 heterojunction achieved a CO yield of 294.76 µmol g-1 h-1, significantly outperforming individual components.
  • It demonstrated superior performance in benzylicalcohol C-C coupling for hydrobenzoin production (313.15 µmol g-1 h-1).
  • Enhanced localized electromagnetic and ferroelectric polarization fields facilitated hot-carrier generation and charge separation.

Conclusions:

  • The plasmonic-ferroelectric heterojunction design effectively enhances photocatalytic efficiency by optimizing charge dynamics.
  • This approach offers a new strategy for developing efficient photocatalysts for solar-to-fuel conversion.
  • The findings contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals.