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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Case Report: Polymyxin B-induced anaphylactic shock.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Polymyxin B is a critical antibiotic for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections.
  • Anaphylactic shock is a rare but life-threatening adverse drug reaction.
  • Existing literature contains limited reports on Polymyxin B-induced anaphylaxis.

Observation:

  • A 67-year-old male with cerebral infarction developed fever due to drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • The patient received Polymyxin B for the pulmonary infection.
  • Following Polymyxin B administration, the patient experienced anaphylactic shock.

Findings:

  • The patient's anaphylactic shock was successfully managed with intramuscular adrenaline, metaraminol infusion, fluid resuscitation, and corticosteroids.
  • Blood pressure normalized following interventions.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must remain vigilant for rare adverse reactions like anaphylaxis to Polymyxin B.
  • Strict adherence to drug indications and contraindications is vital.
  • Thorough patient allergy history is essential before prescribing Polymyxin B to prevent severe adverse events.