Transesophageal echocardiography during lung transplantation (Review)

Lung transplantation (LTx) continues to be the primary curative intervention for end-stage lung disease, with post-transplant outcomes demonstrating substantial improvements in recent years. The present review summarizes recent advancements in the application of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during LTx as a diagnostic strategy for associated complications. TEE offers notable benefits for intraoperative monitoring during LTx, including the assessment of cardiac function, vascular anastomosis evaluation, support for cannula positioning and the management of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Comprehensive TEE knowledge is essential for anesthesiologists to optimize pharmacological interventions and enable early detection of intraoperative complications. This technique enhances clinical decision-making, thereby supporting the efficacy and safety of anesthesia management.