Hepatic allograft rejection after liver transplantation: Clinicopathological debates!

Liver transplantation (LT) represents a life-saving surgical procedure and is considered the current standard of care for the majority of patients having end-stage liver disease. As known, significant progress in organ preservation techniques, perioperative care, and strict immunosuppression protocols are associated with favorable patient/graft survival post-LT. Hence, proper evaluation of liver allograft-related complications among survivors has paid great attention, particularly the rejection sequel after LT. It is a seriously underestimated cause of allograft injury, which pushes researchers for understanding the exact pathogenesis of different types and proper time diagnosis for better management of such complications. However, it still represents a challenge because of the complexities related to diagnosis and histopathology. Hence, increasing clinical awareness with earlier diagnosis of post-LT rejection is essential through stimulating further studies. Therefore, our review will focus on the clinicopathological debates regarding liver allograft loss after transplantation.