Health and Behavioral Characteristics of Metaverse Users in Japan: Metaverse Health Survey 2025

Background The metaverse has rapidly evolved into a significant virtual ecosystem, attracting millions of users worldwide. While it offers opportunities for social connectivity and enhanced mental well-being, prolonged metaverse engagement raises concerns regarding physical inactivity, unbalanced dietary habits, and sleep health. This study aimed to clarify the health status of metaverse users. Methodology An anonymous online survey was conducted from April to May 2025, targeting metaverse users aged ≥16 years, primarily residing in Japan. The survey covered domains such as physical activity, dietary habits, mental health, sleep quality, and health literacy, using standardized scales and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize user health profiles and behaviors. Results Among the 417 participants, the majority were males and in their 20s and 30s. Over half reported sedentary behavior of ≥8 hours per day. Dietary diversity was limited, with 177 (55.1%) of participants scoring ≤2 out of 10 on the dietary variety score. Short sleep duration (<6 hours/night) was observed in 110 (26.4%) of participants, and 75 (18.0%) reported worsened sleep quality since starting metaverse use. In contrast, 158 (37.9%) experienced improvements in mental health. Physical activity was also reported: 97 (23.3%) engaged in metaverse-based exercise routines, and 81 (19.4%) regularly chose a standing posture during use. Most participants were in the contemplation stage regarding changes to diet and exercise behaviors. Additionally, 283 (67.9%) expressed interest in accessing medical consultations within the metaverse. Conclusions While various health issues, such as insufficient physical activity, unbalanced diets, and poor sleep, were observed, the presence of users who stand, exercise, and report mental health benefits within the metaverse was also evident. The integration of health promotion strategies into the metaverse presents a promising opportunity to support behavioral change. Future efforts should focus on developing and implementing frameworks that facilitate health through enjoyable and immersive experiences in the metaverse.