Neuro-Behçet's Disease in a Middle Eastern Male: A Rare and Challenging Diagnosis

Neuro-Behçet's Disease (NBD) is a rare neurological complication of a chronic, multisystem inflammatory condition. It typically manifests several years after the onset of initial non-neurological symptoms, such as oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and dermatological or gastrointestinal issues. Neurological involvement occurs infrequently and can be challenging to diagnose in its early stages. This case describes a young adult who presented with progressive neurological symptoms, following a long-standing history of systemic inflammatory features. The diagnostic process included neuroimaging that revealed signs consistent with intracranial abnormalities and vascular involvement. Following clinical and radiological assessment, a diagnosis of NBD was made, and appropriate treatment was initiated. This case underscores the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with complex symptom profiles, and the value of a comprehensive, patient-centred approach to avoid unnecessary investigations and reduce the length of hospital stay.