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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst
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Encrusted Cystitis: A Rare Morbid Disease.

Rahul Gupta1, Yasir Mehmood1, Arti Mahajan2

  • 1Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Journal of Mid-Life Health
|July 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Encrusted cystitis (EC), a rare bladder inflammation caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum, presents with stones and pain. This case highlights the need for aggressive treatment, including cystectomy, for severe instances.

Keywords:
Cystectomyencrusted cystitislaparoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Encrusted cystitis (EC) is a rare and debilitating bladder inflammation.
  • It is primarily caused by urea-splitting Corynebacterium urealyticum, particularly type 2B2 (CBGD2).
  • Risk factors include urinary trauma, prior Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation, or chemotherapy.

Observation:

  • Patients present with symptoms like dysuria, pain, hematuria, and passage of calcified mucopurulent stones.
  • Diagnosis requires excluding other pathologies and confirming Corynebacterium Type 2B2 with characteristic features.
  • Medical management involves glycopeptide antibiotics and urine acidification.

Findings:

  • This report details a severe case of encrusted cystitis requiring radical surgical intervention.
  • The patient underwent cystectomy and urinary diversion due to treatment-resistant disease.
  • Corynebacterium urealyticum was identified as the causative agent.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential severity of encrusted cystitis and the challenges in its management.
  • Aggressive treatment, including surgery, may be necessary for refractory or complicated cases.
  • Further research into optimal therapeutic strategies for EC is warranted.