HPMA nanomedicine: targeting cancer with precision

Polymer nanotherapeutics have gained prominent attention in drug delivery systems. Polymers are widely explored tools to improve the solubility, stability, bioavailability, and prolonged circulation of therapeutic agents. Abraxane, Myocet, DaunoXome, and Doxil are some examples of successful polymeric nanocarriers approved for cancer treatment. Medicinal chemists have access to a vast array of nanomaterials that include polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), polymeric micelles (PMCs), prodrugs, liposomes, and dendrimers. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), pHPMA (poly-N-2 hydroxypropyl methacrylamide), polyethylene, polystyrene, and other compounds have been extensively used for drug delivery. This review highlights the importance of pHPMA in nanodrug delivery. First, we review the chemical properties, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of pHPMA, followed by its synthetic routes of preparation. Second, we discuss pHPMA-based nanocarriers and their therapeutic efficacy in cancer. In addition, we present the clinical status and future prospects of pHPMA in combination with immunotherapy. We aim to provide comprehensive insights into the current pHPMA nanotherapeutics to facilitate future development.