Risk Factors for Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Gynecologic Malignancies: A Meta-analysis

To systematically evaluate the risk factors for postoperative complications of venous thromboembolism in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Cohort studies and case-control studies on the risk factors of postoperative venous thromboembolism in gynecologic malignancy patients were included in the search of China Knowledge, Wanfang, Wipro, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2025, and were analyzed. Studies. Data were statistically analyzed using RevMan 5.2 software. A total of 19 studies involving 123,329 patients with gynecologic malignancies were included. The analysis showed that advanced age (OR=3.08, 95% CI=2.85-3.32, P <0.00001), open surgery (OR=9.18, 95% CI=2.38-35.34, P =0.001), high surgical complexity (OR=9.97, 95% CI=5.80-17.15, P <0.00001), and surgical duration (OR=3.33, 95% CI=2.97-3.73, P <0.00001), high BMI (OR=4.77, 95% CI=3.47-6.57, P <0.00001), comorbidities (OR=21.02, 95% CI=8.72-50.70, P <0.00001), and prolonged bed rest in the postoperative period ( OR=25.16, 95% CI=10.32-61.32, P <0.00001), high intraoperative bleeding (OR=107.53, 95% CI=17.71-652.85, P <0.00001), and high D-dimer level (OR=5.55, 95% CI=3.27-9.43, P <0.00001), advanced tumor stage (OR=7.58, 95% CI=2.22-25.90, P =0.001), high tumor grade (OR=27.67, 95% CI=8.39-91.18, P <0.00001), and occurrence of lymph node metastasis (OR=31.21, 95% CI=9.54-102.15, P <0.00001) were all were risk factors for postoperative venous thrombosis in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Clinical staff should take into account the 12 risk factors identified in this study to actively identify gynecologic malignant tumor patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism after surgery and provide targeted measures to prevent or reduce the risk of postoperative DVT.