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The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Polysome Purification from Soybean Symbiotic Nodules

Polysome Purification from Soybean Symbiotic Nodules

Published on: July 1, 2022

Phosphate solubilization capacity by bacteria in soybean crops.

R T Vey¹, R J S Jacques¹, P S Pavinato²

¹Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasleira De Biologia

|July 10, 2025

Summary

Coinoculating soybean crops with specific bacteria, like Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bacillus subtilis, significantly enhances phosphorus availability and plant growth. This microbial approach improves nutrient uptake, boosting crop yield potential.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Microbiology
Plant Nutrition
Soil Science

Background:

Phosphorus (P) availability to plants is limited by soil P fixation to minerals and organic matter.
Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can enhance P uptake by secreting phosphatases.
Developing effective microbial inoculants is crucial for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the phosphate solubilization capacity of coinoculated bacteria in soybean cultivation.
To evaluate the impact of different bacterial consortia on soybean growth and P uptake.
To identify effective bacterial strains for improving soil phosphorus availability.

Main Methods:

Soybean plants were grown in nutrient solution with various bacterial inoculants (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis) and P doses.
Laboratory experiments evaluated bacterial phosphate solubilization on NBRIP agar medium.
Root dry mass and shoot P content were measured to assess treatment effects.

Main Results:

Coinoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Bacillus subtilis increased root dry mass by 201.26%.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Pseudomonas fluorescens enhanced shoot P content by 26.7% at 40 kg P ha-1.
Bacillus subtilis demonstrated moderate phosphate solubilization in vitro, indicating potential for soil P enhancement.

Conclusions:

Specific bacterial coinoculations significantly improve phosphorus availability and soybean plant growth.
The combination of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens shows promise for enhancing soybean nutrition.
Bacillus subtilis is a viable option for improving phosphorus use efficiency in agricultural soils.