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Early symptoms of autism spectrum disorders and association with Brazilian children's development and behavior

Rafaela Silva Moreira1, Marina Aguiar Pires Guimarães2, Lívia de Castro Magalhães3

  • 1Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá (SC), Brasil.

Codas
|July 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were associated with poorer developmental and behavioral outcomes in Brazilian children. These differences were more pronounced in older children, highlighting the need for early detection strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Understanding the early signs of ASD in relation to developmental and behavioral performance is essential for effective screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the developmental and behavioral performance of Brazilian children aged 18 to 34 months.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 221 children aged 18-34 months from public healthcare and early education services.
  • Early ASD symptoms were screened using the Parental Observations of Social Interaction (POSI).
  • Children's development and behavior were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3) and Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC-BR).

Main Results:

  • 33% of children screened positive for early ASD signs (POSI-positive).
  • Children at risk for ASD exhibited significantly worse socio-emotional behaviors, lower overall development, communication, fine motor, and personal-social scores.
  • Age-related differences were observed, with children aged 30-34 months showing more pronounced differences in overall development, behavior, and personal-social domains.

Conclusions:

  • The frequency of children at risk for ASD was higher than previously reported in the literature.
  • Development and behavior in children at risk for ASD were significantly different from their peers, consistent with early ASD presentations.
  • Findings underscore the importance of systematic, holistic child development surveillance during well-child visits for improved early ASD detection.
Abstract

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