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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Maternal Prenatal and Postnatal Stress and Infections in Infancy.

S Hyvönen1,2, T Solasaari2,3, T Pokka4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|July 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Maternal prenatal stress, particularly household-related, was higher in infants who experienced infections. This suggests prenatal stress may be a risk factor for early infant infections, warranting further investigation into stress reduction support.

Keywords:
birth cohortbreastmilkcortisolinfectious diseasesnewborn

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal health
  • Infant immunology
  • Stress research

Background:

  • Maternal stress during pregnancy is a growing concern in perinatal health.
  • Understanding the impact of prenatal stress on infant health outcomes is crucial for early intervention.
  • The HELMi cohort provides a valuable resource for studying infant health and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal stress during the last trimester of pregnancy and the incidence of early childhood infections.
  • To compare maternal stress levels in infants with and without infections within the first six months of life.
  • To explore breast milk cortisol as a potential biomarker for maternal stress and its relation to infant infections.

Main Methods:

  • Maternal stress was assessed using validated questionnaires during late pregnancy.
  • Breast milk cortisol levels were measured at three months postpartum.
  • Infant infection episodes and symptoms were meticulously recorded via an online diary.
  • Statistical analyses controlled for potential confounders such as season of birth and number of siblings.

Main Results:

  • Mothers of infants with infections reported significantly higher levels of household-related prenatal stress compared to controls (p=0.02).
  • No significant differences in stress related to pregnancy or relationship factors were observed between the groups.
  • Breast milk cortisol levels did not differ between infants with and without infections, suggesting it may not be a sensitive indicator in this context.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal stress, specifically concerning household factors, is associated with an increased risk of infections in early infancy.
  • These findings highlight the potential role of maternal psychological well-being in shaping infant immune responses.
  • Further research is warranted to determine if interventions aimed at reducing prenatal stress can mitigate the risk of infant infections.