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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Systemic lupus erythematosus: Phase 2 trials to watch in 2026.

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PROducing More Evidence to Reduce Glucocorticoids in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Putting Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Picture.

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Efficacy and safety of the CD40 ligand inhibitor dapirolizumab pegol in systemic lupus erythematosus (PHOENYCS GO): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

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Can disease activity and treatment responses be captured by a core set of domains in SLE clinical trials? An analysis of phase III belimumab trial data.

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Enpatoran, a Toll-like receptor 7/8 inhibitor, in moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: findings from Cohort B of a multicentre, international, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding phase 2 trial.

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Efficacy and safety of enpatoran, a Toll-like receptor 7/8 inhibitor, in patients with skin manifestations of cutaneous lupus erythematosus or systemic lupus erythematosus: findings from Cohort A of a multicentre, international, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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10 years in lupus - progress, but not enough.

Eric F Morand1, Sarah A Jones1

  • 1Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|July 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents complex challenges in diagnosis and treatment, hindering new drug development. Current research focuses on limited mechanisms, with an urgent need for safe glucocorticoid alternatives for lupus patients.

Keywords:
B cellsclinical trialsinterferonoutcome measuressystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with a poor prognosis.
  • Heterogeneous clinical manifestations and complex biology impede new drug approvals and contribute to clinical trial failures.
  • Current research into SLE therapies targets a limited range of mechanisms, offering little hope for a universal cure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenges in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) drug development.
  • To highlight the gap between basic science advances and clinical translation in SLE.
  • To emphasize the need for safe and effective glucocorticoid alternatives in SLE management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research landscape in SLE.
  • Analysis of drug development hurdles and clinical trial outcomes.
  • Assessment of the limitations of existing therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Despite accelerated research, translation of basic science into clinical practice for SLE lags significantly.
  • Existing and pipeline drugs target a narrow spectrum of SLE's complex pathophysiology.
  • The metabolic adverse effects of glucocorticoids necessitate the development of safer alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for novel therapeutic approaches for SLE that address its complex biology.
  • Developing safe glucocorticoid replacements is a priority to mitigate treatment-related toxicities.
  • Bridging the gap between basic science and clinical application is essential to improve outcomes for SLE patients.