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Energy efficiency enhancement in two European data centers through CFD modeling
Onur Muhammed Sarikaya1, Mustafa Kuzay2, Ender Demirel3,4
1Design and Simulation Tech. Inc, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Scientific Reports
|July 10, 2025
Summary
This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to assess data center energy efficiency. The validated model identified retrofitting opportunities, potentially improving efficiency by up to 75%.
Area of Science:
- Energy Science
- Computational Engineering
- Environmental Science
Background:
- European Union reporting schemes emphasize data center energy efficiency.
- Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are central to assessing data center performance.
- A systematic approach is vital for data center efficiency evaluation and enhancement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficiency assessment of two European pilot data centers.
- To validate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models against experimental data.
- To explore efficiency improvement opportunities through thermal environment retrofitting.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for airflow and thermal structure simulations.
- Employed two experimental approaches: external sensors and embedded server sensors.
- Validated CFD models by comparing simulation results with experimental measurements.
Main Results:
- Achieved good agreement between simulated and experimental data, confirming model accuracy.
- Identified significant efficiency improvement opportunities via retrofitting strategies.
- Demonstrated potential efficiency enhancements of up to 75% through the proposed computational approach.
Conclusions:
- The validated CFD model accurately assesses data center efficiency.
- Retrofitting thermal environments can substantially improve data center performance.
- The computational approach offers a generalizable method for data center efficiency assessment and improvement.
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