Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder drug search trends: a Scandinavian perspective

Pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves central stimulants and non-stimulant drugs. Because treatment preferences may vary geographically, we hypothesize that prescription data can be estimated from publicly available sources. First, we explore the relevance of internet search trends as proxies for real-life drug prescription patterns. Second, we identify geographical variations in ADHD drug trends over time. Publicly available Google Trends data for five ADHD drugs were analysed for the years 2010–2023. Temporal and spatial patterns were compared within Scandinavia, and the preference for central stimulants over non-stimulant drugs was compared across 17 countries. We find that internet search trends correlate with ADHD drug prescriptions. In the Scandinavian countries, a dominance of methylphenidate is observed, with rising internet search trends over time in Norway and Denmark. Furthermore, interest in lisdexamphetamine, relative to dextroamphetamine and atomoxetine, has increased sharply in recent years in the Scandinavian countries. The search proportion of central stimulants to non-stimulant drugs in Scandinavia ranges from 81% (Denmark) to 93% (Norway). Overall, internet search trends for ADHD drugs mirror reported prescription patterns and identify a dominance of methylphenidate, with an increasing interest in lisdexamphetamine. As such, search trends may serve as a feasible source for identifying geographical drug preferences.