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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Metformin improves age-related visual cortex dysfunction in mice by reducing noise correlation in the primary visual

Xiaoming Liu1,2, Yifeng Zhou1,2, Jiachen Liu3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|July 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Metformin treatment reverses age-related visual processing decline in mice by reducing neural noise and enhancing inhibitory signaling in the primary visual cortex (V1). This intervention preserves visual function and offers a promising approach for age-related sensory deficits.

Keywords:
aginginhibitory neuronsmetforminnoise correlationprimary visual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Aging impairs visual processing, characterized by reduced orientation selectivity and increased neural noise in the primary visual cortex (V1).
  • Elevated neuronal noise correlations in aging correlate with diminished visual discrimination, yet effective interventions remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic effects of metformin on age-related visual processing deficits and neuronal noise in V1.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying metformin's impact on visual cortical function during aging.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo electrophysiological recordings in young (8-week-old) and aged (12-month-old) mice.
  • Acute metformin gavage for 3 weeks to assess its effects on V1 neural activity and noise correlations.
  • Western blot analysis to examine changes in inhibitory synapse-related proteins.

Main Results:

  • Aging induced V1 hyperactivity, reduced orientation selectivity, decreased signal-to-noise ratio, and increased noise correlations and response variability.
  • Metformin treatment reversed these age-related deficits, improving fast-spiking interneuron-mediated decorrelation and reducing noise correlation.
  • Metformin upregulated glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 and gephyrin, enhancing inhibitory signaling and restoring excitatory-inhibitory balance in V1.

Conclusions:

  • Metformin effectively ameliorates age-related visual processing impairments by strengthening GABAergic signaling and reducing neural noise.
  • The findings suggest metformin is a promising therapeutic strategy for preserving visual function and combating age-related sensory decline.