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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Deep learning in next-generation vaccine development for infectious diseases.

Manojit Bhattacharya1, Yi-Hao Lo2,3, Srijan Chatterjee4

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) are revolutionizing vaccine development by enabling rapid, cost-effective epitope selection and construct design. These computational tools accelerate the creation of next-generation vaccines.

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MT: Bioinformaticsdeep learningimmunoinformaticsinfectious diseasesnext-generation vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Computational biology and bioinformatics
  • Vaccinology and immunology
  • Artificial intelligence in medicine

Background:

  • The genomic era has transformed vaccine development, with computer science playing a pivotal role.
  • Computer-aided epitope selection is fundamental to rational vaccine design.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), is rapidly advancing vaccine development strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the developmental history of modern vaccine design strategies.
  • To discuss the integration of immunoinformatics and DL models in vaccine development.
  • To highlight recent advancements and tools in DL-assisted epitope mapping and vaccine construct development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of immunoinformatics and DL models for identifying T cell and B cell epitopes.
  • Analysis of vaccine construct development strategies, including linkers and adjuvants.
  • Examination of bioinformatics and immunoinformatics tools for vaccine construct characterization.

Main Results:

  • DL-based strategies are significantly accelerating epitope prediction and vaccine design.
  • Various DL-based tools are available for epitope mapping and vaccine construct development.
  • Integrated frameworks connecting bioinformatics and DL approaches are crucial for efficient vaccine development.

Conclusions:

  • DL-assisted vaccine development offers rapid and cost-effective solutions.
  • These computational approaches are reshaping the landscape of next-generation vaccine design.
  • Continued integration of AI and bioinformatics will drive future innovations in vaccinology.