Research progress on the role and mechanism of magnesium-containing materials in bone repair

Bones can fulfill functions in movement, attachment, and protection of internal organs. Bone diseases caused by ageing, trauma, infection, and other reasons may seriously affect the daily life of patients. Magnesium ions are closely associated with the maintenance of bone health. Integrating magnesium ions into delivery systems and hydrogels can improve their application, thus directly acting on the osteoblast cell lineage and influencing the proliferation and differentiation of relevant cells. The slow release of magnesium ions allows for their effects on the target site for a long time, reducing the clearance of magnesium ions in the body, which significantly contributes to bone repair. Magnesium-based bioalloy scaffolds have received widespread attention for their favourable biocompatibility, degradability, and bone-forming properties and play an important role in bone regeneration and repair. This article presents a review on the role and mechanism of magnesium-containing materials in bone repair and regeneration. By discussing the current challenges and future directions for magnesium-containing biomaterials, new insights are provided into the development of these materials in the field of orthopaedics. In conclusion, magnesium-containing biomaterials have great application value in orthopaedics.