Current status of transcriptome sequencing technology in ruminants.

Area of Science:

• Animal Genomics and Proteomics
• Agricultural Biotechnology
• Ruminant Production Systems

Background:

• Ruminant production is crucial for global food security, providing essential protein sources through meat and milk.
• Sustainable agricultural practices require enhanced efficiency in ruminant animal production via improved management.
• Transcriptome sequencing offers advanced insights into ruminant biology under diverse conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current applications of transcriptome sequencing in ruminant research.
• To highlight how transcriptome sequencing contributes to improving animal production efficiency and sustainability.
• To provide a theoretical basis for the expanded use of transcriptome sequencing in ruminant studies.

Main Methods:

• Transcriptome sequencing to analyze gene expression patterns in ruminants.
• Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to meat and milk production traits.
• Investigation of gene regulation impacting intramuscular fat, growth, and host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

• Transcriptome sequencing facilitates deeper analysis of indicators like intramuscular fat content and hormone expression.
• It enables screening for functional genes associated with milk production traits during lactation.
• The technology reveals gene expression differences, identifies novel transcripts, and clarifies biological regulatory mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Transcriptome sequencing is a powerful tool for understanding ruminant diversity, production traits, and health.
• Its application can lead to reduced farm pollution and enhanced farming efficiency.
• This review underscores the value of transcriptome sequencing for advancing ruminant research and sustainable agriculture.