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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Necrotizing orbital infections: A comprehensive review.

Farzad Pakdel1,2, Mohammadreza Salehi3, Ilad Alavi Darazam4

  • 1Department of Oculo-Facial Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology : Official Journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society
|July 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Necrotizing orbital infections (NOIs) are severe conditions requiring prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment. Early intervention is crucial to prevent vision loss, sepsis, and death, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Keywords:
Invasive fungal infectionsnecrotizing fasciitisorbital cellulitisviral orbital infections

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Necrotizing orbital infections (NOIs) are rapidly progressive and life-threatening conditions.
  • These infections carry significant risks of morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Pathogens include bacteria (e.g., Group A Streptococcus, MRSA), fungi (e.g., mucormycosis, aspergillosis), and viruses (e.g., Herpesviridae).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of necrotizing orbital and periorbital infections.
  • To detail the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options.
  • To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical case studies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic modalities including clinical evaluation, imaging, and microbiology.
  • Synthesis of current evidence-based treatment regimens, encompassing medical and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective management.
  • Treatment typically involves broad-spectrum antimicrobials and surgical debridement/drainage.
  • Prompt intervention significantly influences prognosis, reducing severe morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Necrotizing orbital infections necessitate urgent, comprehensive management.
  • A multidisciplinary team approach is essential for optimizing patient care and outcomes.
  • Timely diagnosis and aggressive treatment are paramount to prevent devastating complications like vision loss and sepsis.